Surface treatments of the zirconia-reinforced lithium disilicate ceramic in the adhesion to the resin cement

Abstract This study verified the effect of surface treatments of the zirconia-reinforced lithium disilicate ceramic bonded to resin cement. Ceramic blocks were divided according to treatments (n=10): FA+SRX (Fluoric acid + silane RX), FA+MDP (Fluoric acid + MDP), FA+SCF+MDP (Fluoric acid + silane CF + MDP), FA+MEP (Fluoric acid + MEP), and MEP (Self-etch primer). Resin cement cylinders were made in the ceramic blocks, photoactivated with 1,200 mW/cm² for 40s, stored in water at 37°C for 24h, and evaluated by the microshear strength test, optical failure descriptive analysis (%), surface characterization (SEM) and contact angle (Goniometer). Other samples were submitted to 10,000 thermocycles between 5°C and 55°C. Bond strength data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Contact angle to one-way ANOVA and Games-Howell's test (5%). At 24h, MEP showed higher bond strength, and FA+SRX the lower. FA+MDP and FA+SCF+MDP showed similar values and FA+MEP was intermediate. After thermocycling, FA+SCF+MDP, FA+MEP, and MEP showed higher values, and FA+SRX the lower while FA+MDP was intermediate. When the periods were compared, FA+MDP, FA+SCF+MDP, FA+MEP, and MEP showed higher values for 24h while FA+SRX was similar. SEM showed retentive surface and crystal exposure when treated with FA+SCF+MDP. The less retentive surface was obtained with MEP, and the other treatments promoted intermediate irregularities. In conclusion, surface treatment and thermocycling promoted different values of adhesive strength and contact angle in a zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic. Failures were predominantly adhesive, and the ceramic surface was characterized by different levels of roughness and selective exposure of crystals.

Resumo O objetivo neste estudo foi verificar o efeito de tratamentos de superfície da cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio reforçada com zircônia fixada ao cimento resinoso. Os blocos cerâmicos foram separados de acordo com os tratamentos (n=10): AF+SRX (ácido fluorídrico + silano), AF+MDP (ácido fluorídrico + MDP), AF+SCF+MDP (ácido fluorídrico + silano + MDP), AF+MEP (Ácido fluorídrico + MEP) e MEP (Primer auto condicionante). Cilindros de cimento resinoso foram confeccionados em cada bloco cerâmico, foto ativados com 1.200 mW/cm² por 40 segundos, armazenados em água a 37°C por 24 horas e avaliados pelo teste de resistência ao micro cisalhamento, falha por análise descritiva em microscopia óptica (%), caracterização da superfície por imagens MEV e ângulo de contato (Goniômetro). Outras amostras foram submetidas a 10.000 ciclos térmicos (5° e 55°C). Os dados de resistência de união foram submetidos a ANOVA dois fatores e teste de Tukey (5%). Ângulo de contato com ANOVA um fator e teste de Games-Howell (5%). Em 24 horas, MEP apresentou maior resistência de união e AF+S a menor. AF+MDP e AF+SCF+MDP apresentaram valores similares e AF+MEP foi intermediário. Após a ciclagem térmica, AF+SCF+MDP, AF+MEP e MEP apresentaram valores maiores e AF+SRX o menor enquanto AF+MDP foi intermediário. Quando comparados os períodos, AF+MDP, AF+SCF+MDP, AF+MEP e MEP apresentaram valores maiores em 24 horas enquanto AF+SRX foi similar. MEV mostrou superfície mais retentiva e exposição de cristais quando tratada com AF+SCF+MDP. A superfície menos retentiva foi obtida com MEP, e os demais tratamentos promoveram irregularidades de superfície intermediárias. Conclui-se que o tratamento superficial e a termociclagem promoveram diferentes valores de resistência adesiva e ângulo de contato em cerâmica de silicato de lítio reforçada com zircônia. As falhas foram predominantemente adesivas, e a superfície cerâmica foi caracterizada com diferentes níveis de rugosidade e exposição seletiva de cristais.

Micro/nano hierarchical structure of titanium surface promotes MC3T3-E1 adhesion proliferation and drug loading potential evaluation / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @# To investigate the effect of micro/nano hierarchical structures on the adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, evaluate the drug delivery potential of titanium surfaces, and provide a reference for the modification of selected areas of titanium surfaces to enhance drug delivery and slow drug release. @*Methods @# Pure titanium samples (10 mm in diameter and 2.5 mm in thickness) were randomly divided into a polished group (T), anodized group (TO), and micro/nano hierarchical structure group (FTO) according to the surface treatment of the titanium. The T group was polished, the TO group was treated with anodic oxidation technology, and the FTO group was treated by femtosecond laser etching combined with anodic oxidation technology. The three surface morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the wettability of the surface was measured by the contact angle, and the surface chemical composition was analyzed by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The depth of the FTO structure and the surface roughness were measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion proliferation and differentiation on the surface of each group of samples was assessed by immunofluorescence staining, CCK-8, and semiquantitative analysis of Alizarin staining. A freeze-drying method was applied to load recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2), and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess the drug-loading potential of different surface structures. @* Results@#SEM revealed that the surface of T group titanium plates showed uniform polishing marks in the same direction. The surface of the TO group was a nanoscale honeycomb-like titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube structure, and the FTO group formed a regular and ordered micro/nano layered structure. The contact angle of the FTO group was the smallest at 32° ± 1.7°. Its wettability was the best. The average depth of the first-level structure circular pores was 93.6 μm, and the roughness was 1.5-2 μm. The TO and FTO groups contained a high percentage of oxygen, suggesting TiO2 nanotube formation. The FTO group had the most significant surface cell proliferation (P<0.001) and the largest cell adhesion surface area (P<0.05). rhBMP-2 was slowly released for 14 d after loading in the FTO group and promoted extracellular matrix mineralization (P<0.001). @*Conclusion @#Titanium surface microprepared hierarchical structure has the effect of promoting MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation with drug loading potential, which is a new method of titanium surface treatment.

Effect of novel pre-sintered zirconia surface treatment on shear bond strength between zirconia and veneering porcelain compared to conventional surface treatments: an in-vitro study / Efeito de um novo tratamento de superfície de zircônia pré-sinterizada na resistência ao cisalhamento entre zircônia e porcelana em comparação com os tratamentos de superfície convencionais: estudo in vitro

Objective: to evaluate the effect of novel zirconia surface treatment method on shear bond strength between zirconia and veneering porcelain compared to air abrasion and CoJet surface treatment methods. Material and Methods: twenty-one zirconia ceramic discs were fabricated with diameter of 7mm and 3mm thickness and divided according to surface treatment into three subgroups, control group I: Air Abrasion (n=7), group II: CoJet (n=7) and group III: Z-etch (n=7). Porcelain was built over the zirconia specimens with a customized mold and fired in a ceramic furnace. All specimens were thermocycled (20000 cycles) between 5°C ­ 55 °C with a dwell time of 30 seconds in distilled water and shear bond strength of veneering porcelain to each zirconia specimen was tested using a universal testing machine. Results: numerical data were explored for normality by checking the distribution of data and using tests of normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests). One-way ANOVA test was used to compare between the groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the three groups (P-value = 0.002, Effect size = 0.503). Pair-wise comparisons between groups revealed that Z-etch showed the statistically significantly highest mean shear bond strength. Conclusion: zirconia coating using z-etch is showing promising results in promoting higher bond strength than conventional surface treatment methods as air abrasion and silica coating (AU)

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito do novo método de tratamento de superfície de zircônia na resistência ao cisalhamento entre a zircônia e a porcelana de cobertura em comparação com os métodos de abrasão a ar e jateamento com CoJet. Material e Métodos: vinte e um discos de zircônia foram confeccionados com diâmetro de 7mm e espessura de 3mm e divididos de acordo com o tratamento de superfície em três subgrupos, grupo controle I: Abrasão a ar (n=7), grupo II: CoJet (n=7) e grupo III: Z-etch (n=7). A porcelana foi aplicada sobre os espécimes de zircônia com um molde personalizado e sinterizada em forno de cerâmica. Todos os espécimes foram termociclados (20.000 ciclos) entre 5°C - 55°C com um tempo de permanência de 30 segundos em água destilada e a resistência ao cisalhamento da porcelana de cobertura foi testada através de uma máquina de ensaio universal. Resultados: os dados numéricos foram avaliados quanto à normalidade, verificando a distribuição dos dados e utilizando testes de normalidade (testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e Shapiro-Wilk). O teste ANOVA de um fator foi utilizado para comparar os grupos. Houve uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os três grupos (P-valor = 0,002, tamanho do efeito = 0,503). As comparações pareadas entre os grupos revelaram que o Z-etch apresentou a resistência de união ao cisalhamento estatisticamente significativamente mais alta. Conclusão: o revestimento de zircônia utilizando Z-etch mostrou resultados promissores para o aumento da resistência de união em comparação aos métodos convencionais de tratamento de superfície, como abrasão a ar e revestimento de sílica (AU)

Survival rate and stability of surface-treated and non-surface-treated orthodontic mini-implants: a randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT Objectives: This clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the stability and failure rate of surface-treated orthodontic mini-implants and determine whether they differ from those of non-surface-treated orthodontic mini-implants. Trial Design: Randomized clinical trial with a split-mouth study design. Setting: Department of Orthodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai. Participants: Patients who required orthodontic mini-implants for anterior retraction in both arches. Methods: Self-drilling, tapered, titanium orthodontic mini-implants with and without surface treatment were placed in each patient following a split-mouth design. The maximum insertion and removal torques were measured for each implant using a digital torque driver. The failure rates were calculated for each type of mini-implant. Results: The mean maximum insertion torque was 17.9 ± 5.6 Ncm for surface-treated mini-implants and 16.4 ± 9.0 Ncm for non-surface-treated mini-implants. The mean maximum removal torque was 8.1 ± 2.9 Ncm for surface-treated mini-implants and 3.3 ± 1.9 Ncm for non-surface-treated mini-implants. Among the failed implants, 71.4% were non-surface-treated mini-implants and 28.6% were surface-treated mini-implants. Conclusion: The insertion torque and failure rate did not differ significantly between the groups, whereas the removal torque was significantly higher in the surface-treated group. Thus, surface treatment using sandblasting and acid etching may improve the secondary stability of self-drilling orthodontic mini-implants. Trial registration: The trial was registered in the Clinical Trials Registry, India (ICMR NIMS). Registration number: CTRI/2019/10/021718

RESUMO Objetivos: Este ensaio clínico foi conduzido para avaliar a estabilidade e a taxa de falha de mini-implantes ortodônticos com superfície tratada, e determinar se elas diferem das dos mini-implantes ortodônticos sem superfície tratada. Desenho do estudo: Ensaio clínico randomizado com desenho de boca dividida. Instituição: Department of Orthodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai/India. Participantes: Pacientes que necessitavam de mini-implantes ortodônticos para retração anterior em ambas as arcadas. Métodos: Mini-implantes ortodônticos autoperfurantes, cônicos, de titânio com ou sem tratamento de superfície, foram colocados em cada paciente, seguindo um desenho de boca dividida. Os torques máximos de inserção e de remoção foram medidos para cada mini-implante, usando um torquímetro digital. As taxas de falha foram calculadas para cada tipo de mini-implante. Resultados: O valor médio do torque máximo de inserção foi de 17,9 ± 5,6 Ncm para mini-implantes com superfície tratada e 16,4 ± 9,0 Ncm para mini-implantes sem superfície tratada. O valor médio do torque máximo de remoção foi de 8,1 ± 2,9 Ncm para mini-implantes com superfície tratada e 3,3 ± 1,9 Ncm para mini-implantes sem superfície tratada. Entre os implantes que falharam, 71,4% eram mini-implantes sem superfície tratada e 28,6% eram mini-implantes com superfície tratada. Conclusão: O torque de inserção e a taxa de falha não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos; porém, o torque de remoção foi significativamente maior no grupo com superfície tratada. Assim, o tratamento de superfície com jateamento e condicionamento ácido pode melhorar a estabilidade secundária dos mini-implantes ortodônticos autoperfurantes. Registro do estudo: Esse estudo foi registrado no Clinical Trials Registry, Índia (ICMR NIMS). Número de registro: CTRI/2019/10/021718

Avaliação do efeito antimicrobiano em parafuso protético de implantes revestido com filme de carbono tipo diamante dopados com prata depositado por plasma / Evaluation of antimicrobial action in prosthetic screws of implants with diamond-like carbon films doped with plasma deposited silver

Apesar da confiabilidade, as falhas mecânicas e biológicas das reabilitações protéticas sobre implantes ainda são persistentes. A capacidade altamente adaptativa das bactérias e sua colonização na superfície dos implantes e componentes protéticos ainda hoje é um sério problema clínico, causando mucosite e peri-implantite. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito antimicrobiano do fino filmes de carbono tipo diamante (DLC) dopado com nanopartículas de prata, depositado nos parafusos protéticos. Os filmes de DLC e DLC-Ag foram depositados pelo processo conhecido como PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition). A caracterização do material foi realizada em discos da liga Ti6Al4V pelas análises scratch test, espectroscopia de espalhamento Raman, perfilometria mecânica, goniometria e espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS). A atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada utilizando uma cepa padrão de Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). Para avaliar a efetividade dos filmes depositados, foram realizados ensaios nos discos e nos parafusos (isolados e no modelo implante/pilar). Foram utilizados implantes hexágono externo de plataforma regular 4,1 mm com os respectivos pilares. Para todas as análises, as amostras foram divididas em 3 grupos de acordo com o tipo de tratamento: Grupo controle (sem tratamento); Grupo DLC, amostras revestidas com filme de DLC, Grupo DLC-Ag, amostras revestidas com filme de DLC com prata. As amostras foram analisadas por MEV. Também foi avaliada a citotoxicidade dos filmes frente a células de fibroblastos (3T3) através do ensaio de MTT. A caracterização dos filmes por espectroscopia de espalhamento raman e EDS, apresentaram resultados característicos ao DLC e DLC-Ag, como uma distribuição homogênea de carbono, prata e silício. As análises de scratch test, perfilometria mecânica e goniometria, apresentaram filmes com características hidrofóbicas, sendo DLC-Ag o grupo de maior rugosidade e coeficiente de atrito. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente com auxílio do programa GraphPad Prism versão 9.0 (GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) e realizado os testes ANOVA e de Tukey para comparações entre os grupos (discos), e os testes Kruskal-Wallis e post-hoc de Dunn (parafusos). O nível de significância para todos os testes foi estabelecido em 5%. Os resultados demonstraram que a deposição do filme de DLC e DLC-Ag apresentaram redução de maneira significativa (p<0,05) na contagem de UFC/ml nos discos e parafusos isolados. Porém a dopagem com prata não trouxe um resultado superior ao filme DLC e ambos os materiais se apresentaram como não citotóxico. Concluímos que o revestimento com DLC e DLC-Ag é um material promissor, com efeito antimicrobiano, porém com limitação de aplicação (AU)

Despite the reliability, the mechanical and biological failures in rehabilitating implantsupported dental are still persistent. Mucositis and peri-implantitis are still severe clinical problems due to the high adaptive capacity of bacteria that colonize the surface of implants and prosthetic components. The present study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the antimicrobial action of thin films of diamond-like carbon (DLC) doped with silver nanoparticles, deposited on prosthetic screws. The deposition of the films was performed by PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition). The characterizations were performed of both deposited samples and control (Ti6Al4V) by scratch test analysis, raman scattering spectroscopy, mechanical profilometry, goniometry, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The antimicrobial was evaluated activity against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). To evaluate the effectiveness of the deposited films, tests were performed on disks and screws (isolated and on the implant/abutment model) Using 30 regular platforms with 4.1 mm external hexagon implants with the respective abutments, distributed into 3 groups according to the type of prosthetic screw treatment (n=10): Group control screw (no treatment); Group screw coated with DLC film, Group screw coated with DLC film doped with silver nanoparticles (Ag-DLC). The samples were also analyzed by SEM The cytotoxicity of the films against (3T3) fibroblast cells was also assessed using the MTT assay. The caracterization was performed from raman spectroscopy and EDS, showed results which are characteristics of DLC and Ag-DLC films, such as a homogeneous distribution of carbon, silver and silicon. The scratch test, mechanical profilometry and goniometry analyzes showed films with hydrophobic characteristics, with Ag-DLC being the group with the higher coefficient of friction values and roughness Data were statistically analyzed using GraphPad Prism version 9.0 (GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). ANOVA and Tukey tests were performed, followed by comparisons between groups (disks) and Kruskal-Walis and post-hoc Dunn (screw) tests The significance level for all tests was set at 5%. The results demonstrated that the deposition of the DLC and Ag-DLC film showed a significant reduction (p<0.05) in the CFU/ml count compared to the contro, disks and isolated screwl. However, silver doping did not enhance the DLC films; both materials were non-cytotoxic. It concludes that titanium alloys coated with DLC and Ag-DLC are promising materials with antibacterial properties to prevent peri-implantitis (AU)

Research on friction and wear behaviors of silicon-lithium spray coating on zirconia ceramics / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To study microstructure, friction and wear behaviors of silicon-lithium spray coating on the surface of zirconia ceramics and to preliminarily evaluate its esthetic so as to provide support and guidance for the clinical application.@*METHODS@#Zirconia ceramic specimens were randomly divided into three groups: coating group (two subgroups), polishing group (two subgroups), and glazing group (four subgroups), with 10 samples in each subgroup. The two subgroups of coating group were the zirconia ceramics with the untreated and preliminary polishing surfaces sprayed with silicon-lithium coating, respectively. The two subgroups of polishing group were preliminary polishing and fine polishing of zirconia ceramics, respectively. The four subgroups of glazing group were preliminarily polished zirconia ceramics glazed with Biomic and Stain/Glaze products, respectively; and untreated zirconia ceramics glazed with Biomic and Stain/Glaze products, respectively. The above 8 subgroups of zirconia ceramic specimens were used as friction pairs with 80 steatite ceramics for 50 000 chewing cycles under 50 N vertical load and artificial saliva lubrication using chewing simulation. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microstructure of the surface and section of the coating group, and the thickness of the coating and glazing were measured. The linear roughness of the coating and polishing groups was mea-sured using a laser confocal scanning microscope. Vickers hardness was measured using a microhardness tester and the esthetic of zirconia ceramic full crown sprayed with silicon-lithium coating was preliminarily evaluated. White light interferometer was used to measure the width, the maximum depth and the volume of the wear scars of each group, and the wear depth of steatite ceramics and wear rate of zirconia ceramic specimens were calculated. Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test and Dunn's multiple comparisons test were used to analyze the wear depth of each group (α=0.05).@*RESULTS@#The microstructures of the silica-lithium spray coatings on the untreated and preliminarily polished zirconia ceramic surfaces showed the protruding defects, and the line roughness of coating group was larger than that of the polishing group. The median thickness of the silica-lithium spray coating on the preliminarily polished zirconia ceramic was 13.0 μm (interquartile range, IQR: 11.6, 17.9), while that of the silica-lithium spray coating on the untreated zirconia ceramic was 4.4 μm (IQR: 4.1, 4.7). The Vickers hardness and wear rate of the coating group were between the polishing group and the glazing group. The wear depths of the wear scars of steatite ceramics were the glazing group, coating group, and polishing group in descending order, and there was statistically significant difference between glazing and polishing groups (P < 0.05). With the increase of polishing procedure, the wear depth of steatite ceramics decreased in each subgroups. The orders of maximum depth and volume of wear scars of zirconia ceramic were the glazing group, coating group, and polishing group in descending order, and there was statistically significant difference in the maximum depth of wear scars between glazing and polishing groups (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The silica-lithium spray coating on the zirconia ceramic, can be used as a new method for zirconia ceramic surface treatment, because it can increase the esthetic of zirconia ceramics compared with polishing and reduce the wear of steatite ceramics compared with glazing.

Tratamiento de Superficie utilizados en Microtornillos de Ortodoncia y su Efecto en la Estabilidad Primaria y Secundaria: Revisión Bibliográfica

Resumen: Los microtornillos de ortodoncia corresponden a dispositivos de anclaje temporal que sirven como coadyuvantes en el tratamiento ortodóncico y cuyo uso se ha ido incrementando en el último tiempo. Las fallas de los microtornillos tienden a ocurrir durante la primera semana de inserción por lo que mejorar la estabilidad es un paso importante para mejorar la confiabilidad del tratamiento. Una posible solución a esto es modificar la superficie del microtornillo. Objetivo: Identificar en la literatura actual los tratamientos de superficie más utilizados que favorezcan la estabilidad primaria y secundaria en el éxito de los microtornillos en ortodoncia. Material y método: Se realizó una búsqueda en Pubmed y EBSCO con los términos en idioma inglés "miniscrew"/"mini implant" AND "surface", "treatment" and "stability". Se incluyeron los estudios realizados in vivo con el objetivo de comparar y/o evaluar el efecto de los tratamientos realizados en la superficie del microtornillo en el éxito o estabilidad de éste, artículos disponibles en inglés y español. Se excluyeron estudios realizados en implantes dentales y/o médicos, in vitro, estudios clínicos sin grupo control. Resultados: 25 publicaciones fueron utilizadas en la revisión, habiendo 11 tipos de tratamiento de superficie estudiados. La generación de ma trices de nanotubos de óxido de titanio, fotofuncionalización mediada por rayos ultravioleta y anodizado de superficie evidenciaron aumento de la estabilidad de los microtornillos. El uso de técnicas convencionales: grabado ácido, arenado-grabado ácido, no es concluyente en cuanto a su efecto en la estabilidad. Conclusión: Hay escasa evidencia sobre los tratamientos de superficie realizados en microtornillos de ortodoncia para la mejora de su estabilidad. Técnicas pioneras como la generación de matrices de nanotubos de óxido de titanio, fotofuncionalización mediada por rayos ultravioleta y anodizado de superficie evidenciaron aumento de la estabilidad de los microtornillos, siendo necesaria la replicación de los estudios en humanos. La utilización de técnicas convencionales tales como grabado ácido y arenado-grabado ácido, no es concluyente en cuanto a su efecto en la estabilidad de los microtornillos.

Abstract: Orthodontic miniscrews are temporary anchoring devices that help as adjuvants in orthodontic treatment and whose use has increased in recent times. Miniscrew failures can happen during the first week of insertion, so improving stability is an important step to enhance treatment reliability. A possible solution to this issue is to modify the miniscrew surface. Objective: To identify in the current literature the most widely used surface treatments that favor the primary and secondary stability and success of orthodontic miniscrews. Material and method: A search was made in Pubmed and EBSCO with the English terms "miniscrew"/"mini implant" AND "surface", "treatment" and "stability". In vivo studies were included with the aim of comparing and/or evaluating the effect of the treatments performed on the miniscrew's surface and their success or stability, articles available in English and Spanish. Studies performed in dental and/or medical implants, in vitro, clinical studies without control group were excluded. Results: 25 publications were used in the review, with 11 types of surface treatment studied. The generation of titanium oxide nanotube matrices, ultraviolet-mediated photofunctionalization and surface anodizing showed an increase in the stability of the miniscrews. The use of conventional techniques: acid etching, sandblasting-acid etching, is inconclusive as to its effect on stability. Conclusion: There is little evidence of surface treatments performed on orthodontic miniscrews to improve their stability. Pioneering techniques such as the generation of titanium oxide nanotube matrices, ultraviolet-mediated photofunctionalization and surface anodizing showed increased stability of the miniscrews, and require their replication on human studies. The use of conventional techniques such as acid etching and acid sandblasting-etching is inconclusive as to its effect on the stability of the miniscrews.

Effects of the Finishing Protocols and Oral Hygiene Procedures in the Microhardness and Surface Roughness of CAD/CAM Ceramics

ABSTRACT: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of finishing protocols and oral hygiene procedures on the surface and mechanical properties of CAD/CAM ceramics. Specimens (n = 96, (15x10x2mm) of the leucite glass-ceramic (LGC) and feldspathic ceramic (FP) received mechanical polishing or glazing. Surface roughness (Ra) and microhardness (VHN) were obtained with a profilometer and a hardness tester, respectively, before and after each oral hygiene procedure (TB: toothbrushing; PB: prophylaxis with paste and rubber cup; and BJ: prophylaxis with bicarbonate jet). ANOVA, paired t and Tukey's tests were applied (a=0.05). For both materials, only BJ affected Ra's values when mechanical polishing was performed. Moreover, no significant variations in VHN were observed only for LGC glazed with TB. Significant Ra and VHN changes in both materials were observed with BJ. Besides, BJ exhibited similar effects to TB on VHN, regardless of the material and finishing protocol used. Changes in mechanical and surface properties varied with the finishing protocol and the oral hygiene method. In general, prophylaxis with bicarbonate jet was the most harmful method for both materials and the type of finishing protocol did not have a protective effect against changes produced by oral hygiene methods.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio in vitro fue evaluar los efectos de los protocolos de acabado y los procedimientos de higiene oral sobre la superficie y las propiedades mecánicas de las cerámicas CAD/CAM. Los especímenes (n = 96, (15x10x2mm) de vitrocerámica de leucita (LGC) y cerámica feldespática (FP) recibieron pulido mecánico o glaseado. La rugosidad de la superficie (Ra) y la microdureza (VHN) se obtuvieron con un perfilómetro y un probador de dureza, respectivamente, antes y después de cada procedimiento de higiene oral (TB: cepillado dental; PB: profilaxis con pasta y vaso de hule; y BJ: profilaxis con chorro de bicarbonato). Se aplicaron ANOVA, t pareada y prueba de Tukey (a=0.05). Para ambos materiales, solo BJ afectó los valores de Ra cuando se realizó el pulido mecánico. Además, no se observaron variaciones significativas en VHN solo para LGC vidriado con TB. Se observaron cambios significativos de Ra y VHN en ambos materiales con BJ. Además, BJ exhibió efectos similares a TB en VHN, independientemente del material y protocolo de acabado utilizado Los cambios en las propiedades mecánicas y superficiales variaron con el protocolo de acabado y el método de higiene oral. En general, la profilaxis con chorro de bicarbonato fue el método más perjudicial, tanto los materiales como el tipo de protocolo de acabado no tuvieron un efecto protector frente a los cambios producidos por los métodos de higiene oral.

Factors Affecting Sorption and Solubility of Denture Base Acrylic Materials: A Review

@#Heat-cured PMMA is one of the most frequently used materials in the manufacture of removable dentures. Heat-cured material used to fabricate dentures contain soluble elements, allowing the material to absorb and release substances. These factors all directly affect the longevity and performance of protheses fabricated from polymethyl methacrylate denture base material. Various procedures associated with fabrication of removable dentures from heat-cure denture base material are reported to significantly influence the sorption and solubility experienced by the prosthesis. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed journals located within academic databases was conducted to identify relevant literature pertaining to sorption and solubility of denture base materials. Key aspects of each paper were captured in Microsoft® Excel® to record author/s, location, study design, sample size, methodology, results and conclusions. Mixing ratios and polymerisation cycles have been identified as variables that can negatively influence the rate of sorption and solubility of denture base materials during the fabrication process. Certain surface treatment procedures, as well as storing the denture in artificial saliva solution may reduce the levels of sorption and solubility experienced and optimise its lifespan. In this review we identify these factors and consider the detrimental effects of sorption and solubility on denture base acrylic materials.

Application prospect of polyetheretherketone in postcore crown restorations / 口腔疾病防治

@#Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is known as a high-grade engineering plastic with good mechanical properties, chemical stability and biocompatibility. Currently, PEEK materials have been widely used in prosthodontics, such as complete dentures and removable partial dentures. The relevant research shows that PEEK posts are superior to glass fiber posts, which have high tensile bond strength and bending strength. At present, few case reports of PEEK postcores have been published, and clinical case reports suggest that PEEK postcores have good oral prosthetic aesthetics and are ideal and reliable postcore crown materials. However, the preparation and surface treatment methods of PEEK require further refinement. A review of the related properties of PEEK and the prospects of its application in the field of postcore crown restoration will be presented in this paper.

Characterization and biocompatibility analysis of different silanes coupling c(RGDfK) cyclic peptide on titanium surfaces / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To compare the efficiency and biocompatibility of four different silanes on immobilizing c(RGDfK) peptide on titanium surface.@*Methods @# After alkali-heat treatment (group OH), the titanium surface was treated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) (group OHAP), 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane (CPTES) (group OHCP) (3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS) (group OHMPT) and 3-isobutyryloxy propyltrimethoxysilane(γ- MPS) (group OHMPS) to immobilize the c(RGDfK) cyclic peptide and constructa titanium-silane-c(RGDfK) coating. The NT group was the blank control group. The surface morphology and wettability of the coatings were detected using scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurement. The elemental composition of the titanium surface was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. After fluorescent staining with 4’,6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and phalloidin, the adhesion of mouse preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of the materials was observed using laser confocal microscopy. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays were used to evaluate the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of the materials, respectively. @*Results @#Scanning electron microscope observation showed a spongy-like 3-dimensional network formed on the titanium surface after alkali-heat treatment with silane-c(RGDfK) coating adhesion. The wettability of each group was greatly improved compared to the untreated titanium surface. The element ratios of Si/Ti and amide-N/Ti in the OHMPS group were the highest. The OHAP group exhibited the best cell adhesion effect. The cell proliferation and ALP activity of the OHAP, OHMPT, and OHMPS groups were significantly higher than the control group (P <0.05); there was no statistical difference between the OHCP group and the control group.@*Conclusion @#MPTS, CPTES and γ-MPS covalently immobilized cyclic peptide c(RGDfK) on the titanium surface, which promoted adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Theγ-MPS conjugated C (RGDfK)cyclic peptide exhibited the best effect. MPTS, CPTES and γ-MPS coupled with c(RGDfK) cyclic peptides had similar biological properties.

Effect of dentin surface treatments on the bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement / 口腔疾病防治

@#Resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) has good physical, chemical and biological properties and is suitable for the treatment of deciduous caries, aged root surface caries and wedge-shaped defects. Surface treatment is a common method to improve bonding strength, which can improve physical and chemical retention between different components. This paper mainly introduces the current research status of the influence of different dentin surface treatment methods on the bonding strength of RMGIC. At present, the common dentin surface treatment methods are pretreatment, acid etching, laser treatment, etc. The pretreatment agent can improve the bond strength of RMGIC by increasing the surface area and porosity of dentin. The bond strength of RMGIC could be effectively improved after the dentin was treated by an acid-etching bonding system. The dentin was treated with a laser to obtain a higher bonding strength. However, whether the use of resin adhesives will affect the release of fluoride ions in RMGIC into the deep dentin and thus affect the repair effect also needs further research.

Effects of concentrated sulfuric acid etching durations on the shear bond strength between polyether-ketone-ketone and dentin / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To study the effects of different concentrated sulfuric acid etching durations on the shear bond strength between polyether-ketone-ketone (PEKK) and dentin, providing a scientific basis for the clinical bonding procedures of PEKK prosthesis.@*Methods@# Forty-four PEKK specimens were prepared and randomly divided into four groups: group A was the control group, which was only polished with abrasive papers, group B, group C and group D were experimental groups, which were etched by 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 5 s, 30 s and 60 s, respectively. In addition, one sample was randomly selected from each group, and the profile was prepared by a slow cutting machine. The surface morphology of the profile was observed under SEM. After the four groups of specimens and dentin were bonded by resin, they were soaked in distilled water at 37 ℃ for 24 h. After the shear bonding strengths were measured, the fracture interfaces of the specimens were examined by the scanning electron microscopy and stereomicroscopy, and failure models of bonding were analyzed. @*Results@#After acid etching treatments, the cross-sectional images in group B presented uniform spongy shapes, while the cross-sectional images in group C and group D showed destructive pore structures. The shear bond strengths of group B (16.84 ± 1.84) MPa, group C (12.33 ± 1.22) MPa and group D (6.44 ± 1.18) MPa were higher than that of group A (3.99 ± 1.06) MPa (P < 0.05). The highest shear bond strength was observed in group B (16.84 ± 1.84) MPa. @*Conclusion @#The surface treatment of 98% sulfuric acid etching for 5 s manifested the best bond strength between PEKK and dentin.

Preparation and antibacterial properties of a copper-niobium coating on a titanium surface by a microarc oxidation-microwave hydrothermal method / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To prepare a copper-nobium antibacterial coating on a titanium surface by a microarc oxidation-microwave hydrothermal two-step method and to study its surface structure and antibacterial properties.@*Methods@#Using titanium coated with a microarc oxidation coating (MAO group) as the substrate, copper and niobium were introduced by a microwave hydrothermal method in low (MHL-Cu group), medium (MHM-Cu group) and high (MHH-Cu group) copper chloride solutions and niobium oxalate (MH-Nb group) solutions, respectively. The component with the highest copper content was determined by energy spectrum analysis, and the copper-niobium composite coating (MH-Cu/Nb group) was prepared by microwave hydrothermal mixing with niobium oxalate. The microstructure, element distribution and phase composition of the specimens were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry and X-ray diffraction, and the bacteriostatic effect of the coating onEscherichia coliand Staphylococcus aureus was determined by the film method. @* Results@#Energy dispersive spectrometry showed that Cu was introduced onto the surface of the MHL-Cu, MHM-Cu, and MHH-Cu groups, and the atomic ratios of copper in each group were （0.68 ± 0.04）%,（1.17 ± 0.06）%, and （1.64 ± 0.03）%. The difference between groups was statistically significant (P< 0.01). Scanning electron microscopy showed a crater-like porous structure on the surface of the MAO group, and the MHL-Cu, MHM-Cu, MHH-Cu, MH-Nb, MH-Cu/Nb groups maintained micropore morphology. The roughness increased with increasing Cu2+ concentration, in which the MH-Nb and MH-Cu/Nb groups showed gully like structures simultaneously. X-ray diffraction showed that the coating of the MAO group was mainly composed of titanium and anatase phase TiO2, and the coatings of the MHL-Cu, MHM-Cu, MHH-Cu, MH-Nb, MH-Cu/Nb groups were mainly composed of anatase and rutile phase TiO2. Compared with the MAO group, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in the MHH-Cu, MH-Nb, MH-Cu/Nb groups decreased to varying degrees, with significant differences (P< 0.001); compared with the MH-Cu/Nb group, the colony number difference had statistical significance (P> 0.05)@*Conclusion@#The rough, porous coating containing copper and niobium prepared by the microarc oxidation-microwave hydrothermal two-step method can effectively inhibit the growth ofEscherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Research progress on tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen trifluoride as a substitute for hydrofluoric acid used for porcelain surface treatment / 口腔疾病防治

@#Hydrofluoric acid is a common surface treatment agent for glass ceramic restorations before bonding. However, the use of hydrofluoric acid has a high safety risk, so the search for hydrofluoric acid substitutes has been a research hotspot. Tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen trifluoride is a kind of fluoride, whose chemical activity is lower than that of hydrofluoric acid, so it’s safer, and the surface morphology changes on glass ceramics caused by it are smaller and more superficial. At present, the vast majority of laboratory studies and clinical case reports indicate that the mechanical strength and bonding strength of glass ceramics treated with tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen trifluoride can meet the clinical requirements. In the future, according to the research results, the performance of porcelain surface treatment agents containing tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen trifluoride can be further improved, and more hydrofluoric acid substitutes may be developed. In this review, the research progress of tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen trifluoride as a substitute for hydrofluoric acid is reviewed in terms of the influence of the surface morphology, mechanical strength, and bonding strength of glass ceramics.

Effects of different implant surface properties on the biological behavior of Schwann cells / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study investigated the effects of different implant surface properties on the biological behavior of Schwann cells.@*METHODS@#Schwann cells (SCs) were cultured on three types of implant surfaces including smooth polished (SMO), sand-blasted, large grit, acid-etched (SLA), and chemically-modified SLA (modSLA). At different time points, the morphology and adhesion of SCs on the implant surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscope. Cell proliferation activity was detected by MTT method. The expression levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Changes in the mRNA levels of NGF and BDNF were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).@*RESULTS@#SCs adhered, stretched, and proliferated well on the three types of implant surfaces. On the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days, the OD values of the SMO group were higher than those of the SLA group and the modSLA group, and the difference was statistically significant (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Different implant surface properties have different effects on the biological behavior of SCs. Proliferation of SCs is significantly promoted by smooth surface, while secretion and gene expression of neurotrophic factors are significantly promoted by modSLA surface at early stage.

Effect of different treatments of highly translucent zirconia on the bonding strength between zirconia and veneering porcelain / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @# To evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the bonding strength between highly translucent zirconia and veneering porcelain and to provide a research basis for improving the zirconium porcelain bond strength between zirconium and ceramic material.@*Methods @# Thirty cylindrical zirconia blocks with 10-mm diameter and 10-mm height were prepared and divided into four groups (n=7), labeled as control group (C), sandblasting group (S), bonding group (B), and sandblasting and bonding group (SB). The surface morphology of zirconia before and after sandblasting was observed in the remaining two specimens. Group C was veneered (2 mm in height and 5 mm in diameter) with porcelain powder by layering after grinding. Group S was sandblasted after grinding. Group B was veneered with a thin layer of porcelain powder as bond coating. Group SB was sandblasted and veneered with a thin layer of porcelain powder. After sintering, the shear specimens were embedded, and a shear bond strength test was conducted. Statistical analysis was conducted to analyze the data. Fracture surface analysis was also performed to determine the failure modes by stereomicroscopy.@*Results @# The bonding strength of group C was 21.86 ± 3.18 MPa. For group S, it was 22.12 ± 3.06 MPa. For group B, it was 19.19 ± 1.46 MPa. Finally, for group SB, it was 27.76 ± 1.95 MPa. There was no significant difference in shear strength between group C, group S and group B. There was a significant difference in shear strength between each group and group SB (P < 0.05). Under a stereomicroscope, the observed fracture modes of each group were mainly mixed failure.@*Conclusion@#Sandblasting cannot significantly increase the bonding strength between zirconia and veneering porcelain. Veneering with a thin layer of porcelain powder as the bond coating has no obvious effect on the bonding strength. Sandblasting and veneering with a thin layer of porcelain powder as a bond coating can significantly improve the bonding strength between zirconia and veneering porcelain.

A novel biomimetic micro/nano hierarchical interface of titanium enhances adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal cells / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To design a novel biomimetic micro/nano hierarchical interface on endosseous titanium implants and investigate its effect on the biological activity of bone marrow mesenchymal cells.@*Methods@#Electrochemical anodization and spark plasma sintering were used to modify smooth titanium (untreated Ti group) with a microporous trabecular bone-like architecture (micro-Ti group) and TiO2 nanotube architecture (nano-TiO2 group). Additionally, electrochemical anodization was employed to prepare TiO2 nanotubes on microporous trabecular bone-like architectures, which formed a novel biomimetic hierarchical interface (micro/nano-TiO2 group). Four groups of titanium samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle (CA). Bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMMCs) were seeded on four groups of titanium samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to observe cell morphology. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. The expression of focal adhesion proteins (F-actin; vinculin; osteocalcin, OCN; osteopontin, OPN) were observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The mRNA expression levels of osteogenic factors (runt-related transcription factor 2, RUNX2; osteocalcin, OCN; osteopontin, OPN; collagen I, COL I) were assessed by qRT-PCR.@*Results@# The micro/nano- TiO2 group featured a hydrophilic surface (CA=9° ± 2.1°). The results of the MTT assay indicated that the relative cell proliferation rates for the nano- TiO2 and micro/nano-TiO2 samples were significantly increased compared with those for the untreated-Ti and micro-Ti samples (P＜0.001) after 5-9 days. The ALP results indicated that the micro/nano-TiO2 sample gained the highest value at 14 days. After 72 h of incubation, the expression of osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN) on micro/nano-TiO2 was the strongest. After 24 h incubation, the expression of F-actin on micro/nano-TiO2 was the strongest. In comparison with untreated-Ti and micro-Ti samples,the mRNA expression levels of all the osteogenic factors (runt-related transcription factor 2, RUNX2; osteocalcin, OCN; osteopontin, OPN; Collagen I, COL I) were markedly increased on the nano-TiO2 and micro/nano-TiO2 samples, the mRNA expression levels of collagen I (COL I) were significantly different between the nano-TiO2 and micro/nano-TiO2 samples versus the untreated-Ti and micro-Ti samples (P＜0.001). @* Conclusion@#The novel biomimetic micro/nano hierarchical interface has a positive effect on cell attachment, viability and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal cells.

The Effect of Different Surface Treatment Protocols on the Shear Bond Strength to Repressed Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramics / Efeito de diferentes protocolos de tratamento de superfície na resistência ao cisalhamento de vitrocerâmica de dissilicato de lítio reprensado

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of repressing and different surface treatment protocols on the shear bond strength of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics. Material and Methods: A total of 52 lithium disilicate glass-ceramic discs (IPS emax Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) were fabricated using the heat-press technique. The discs were divided into two groups; group (P): discs fabricated from new e.max ingots (n=26), group (R): discs fabricated from reused e.max buttons (n=26). Each group was subdivided into subgroup (E): discs were etched with hydrofluoric acid (9.5%) (n=13), subgroup (S): discs were air-abraded with 110 µm alumina particles. All specimens were subjected to X-ray Diffraction analysis, Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive X-Ray, Thermo-Cycling, and Shear Bond Strength Testing. Results: Repressed Etched subgroup (RE) recorded the statistically highest shear bond strength value, followed by the Pressed Etched subgroup (PE), while the statistically lowest shear bond strength value was recorded for the Pressed Air-Abraded subgroup (PS) and Repressed Air-Abraded subgroup (RS). Conclusion: Repressing the leftover buttons for the construction of new lithium disilicate glass-ceramic restorations has no adverse effect on the bond strength of the resin cement to the ceramic. Hydrofluoric acid surface treatment improves the shear bond strength and durability of resin cement bond to both pressed and repressed lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. Air-abrasion cannot be considered as a reliable surface treatment when bonding to lithium disilicate glass-ceramics. (AU)

Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da reprensagem e de diferentes protocolos de tratamento de superfície na resistência ao cisalhamento de vitrocerâmica de dissilicato de lítio. Materiais e Métodos: Um total de 52 discos de vitrocerâmica de dissilicato de lítio (IPS emax Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) foram fabricadas usando a técnica de prensagem quente. Os discos foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo (P): discos fabricados a partir de novo lingotes de e-max (n=26), grupo (R): discos fabricados a partir de botões de emax reutilizados (n=26). Cada grupo foi subdividido em subgrupo (E): discos condicionados com ácido fluorídrico (9,5%) (n=13), subgrupo (S) discos foram abrasivos com partícula 110 µm de alumínio. Todos os espécimes foram submetidos a analise de difração de raio-x, microscópio eletrônico de varredura, raio-x de energia dispersiva, termociclagem e teste de resistência de cisalhamento. Resultados: O subgrupo Reprensado-condicionado (RE) registrou o valor estatisticamente mais alta em relação a resistência ao cisalhamento, seguido pelo subgrupo Prensado-condicionado (PE), enquanto o valor estatisticamente mais baixo de resistência ao cisalhamento foi o subgrupo Prensado-Jateado (OS) e o subgrupo Reprensado-Jateado (RS). Conclusão: A reprensagem dos botões restantes para a construção de novas restaurações vitrocarâmicas de dissilicato de lítio não apresentou efeitos adversos na resistência de unicãp do cimento resinoso à cerâmica. O tratamento de superfície com ácido fluorídrico melhora a resistência ao cisalhamento e a durabilidade do cimento resinoso para vitrocerâmica de dissilicato de lítio prensada e reprimida. A abrasão por ar não pode ser considerada um tratamento de superfície confiável quanto a colagem da vitrocerâmica de dissilicato de lítio (AU)

The Effect of GaAlAs Laser, Sandblasting, and Primers on Bond Strength between Zirconia Ceramic and Direct Resin Composite after Thermocycling / O efeito do laser de GaAlAs, jateamento e primers na resistência de união entre cerâmica de zircônia e resina composta direta após termociclagem

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin composite on zirconia ceramic after different surface treatments and thermocycling. Material and Methods: Two hundred and seven zirconia specimens were divided into 9 groups and treated as follows: Group C­no treatment (served as the control); Group PC­Clearfil Ceramic primer (CP); Group PZ­Z-Prime Plus primer (ZP); Group A­sandblasted with 50 µm Al2O3 at 0.25 MPa for 20 s at a distance of 10 mm; Group AC­sandblasted and coated with CP; Group AZ­sandblasted and coated with ZP; Group L­GaAlAs diode laser with 808 ± 5 mm wavelength, 3 watts power, and 10 Hz frequency; Group LC­GaAlAs diode laser coated with CP; and Group LZ­GaAlAs diode laser coated with ZP. All specimens were directly bonded with a resin composite cylinder using Adper Scotchbond Multi-purpose. Specimens were stored at 37ºC for 30 days and subjected to 2,500 thermocycles from 5ºC and 55ºC before the SBS was performed. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05) were performed. Surface topography changes were evaluated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results:Sandblasting combined with CP or ZP (25.08 ± 0.86 and 24.78 ± 0.13 MPa, respectively) yielded the highest SBS and was significantly different from other methods (p < 0.05). SEM showed various degrees of changes depending on different surface treatments. Conclusion: Surface treatment by sandblasting combined with a CP or ZP significantly provide the highest SBS between zirconia and resin composite (AU)

Objetivo: Este estudo foi conduzido para avaliar a resistência ao cisalhamento (SBS) de resina composta em cerâmica de zircônia após diferentes tratamentos de superfície e termociclagem. Material e Métodos:Duzentos e sete espécimes de zircônia foram divididos em 9 grupos e tratados da seguinte forma: Grupo C­ sem tratamento (serviu como controle); Grupo PC­Clearfil Ceramic primer (CP); Grupo PZ­Z-Prime Plus primer (ZP); Grupo A - jateado com 50 µm de Al2O3 a 0,25 MPa por 20 s a uma distância de 10 mm; Grupo AC - jateado e revestido com CP; Grupo AZ - jateado e revestido com ZP; Grupo L ­ Laser de diodo GaAlAs com comprimento de onda de 808 ± 5 mm, potência de 3 watts e frequência de 10 Hz; Grupo LC ­Laser de diodo GaAlAs revestido com CP; e Grupo LZ ­ Laser de diodo GaAlAs revestido com ZP. Todos os espécimes foram diretamente colados com um cilindro de resina composta usando Adper Scotchbond Multi-purpose. As amostras foram armazenadas a 37ºC por 30 dias e submetidas a 2.500 termociclos de 5ºC e 55ºC antes da realização do SBS. ANOVA unilateral e teste HSD de Tukey (α = 0,05) foram realizados. As mudanças na topografia da superfície foram avaliadas com um microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV). Resultados:O jato de areia combinado com CP ou ZP (25,08 ± 0,86 e 24,78 ± 0,13 MPa, respectivamente) rendeu o maior SBS e foi significativamente diferente dos outros métodos (p < 0,05). SEM mostrou vários graus de mudanças dependendo dos diferentes tratamentos de superfície. Conclusão: O tratamento de superfície por jato de areia combinado com um CP ou ZP fornece significativamente o maior SBS entre a zircônia e a resina composta (AU)